News · Supreme Court coverage
City Journal — Leor Sapir, Dec. 5, 2024
In U.S. v. Skrmetti oral argument (December 4, 2024), ACLU attorney Chase Strangio told Justice Alito there is no evidence in the studies that “gender-affirming treatment” reduces completed suicide, and that completed suicide is “thankfully and admittedly” rare — while distinguishing that from “suicidality.”
City Journal →
Title, who was studied, a short finding, and the primary source.
Youth referred to Tavistock GIDS, 2010–2020 — about 15,032 people under 18.
Four suicides in that referred group. Completed suicide was rare in absolute terms. HHS Table 4.1 records 0.03% and 0.13 per 1,000 patient-years.
PMC (Biggs 2022) →
Youth referred to a Belgian pediatric gender clinic.
Five suicides among referred youths. HHS Table 4.1 records 3.38% and 11.26 per 1,000 patient-years, and notes that all suicides were among patients taking cross-sex hormones.
DOI (Van Cauwenberg 2021) →
Youth: all under-23s referred to Finland’s gender clinics, 1996–2019 (2,083 people) vs 16,643 matched peers.
Suicide deaths were uncommon (0.3% of the referred group vs 0.1% of matched peers). After specialist psychiatric treatment was accounted for, the death rate was not statistically different — the extra risk could easily be chance. The authors conclude clinic-referred gender dysphoria (distress about being one’s sex) does not appear to predict suicide death when psychiatric treatment history is accounted for.
BMJ Mental Health →
U.S. teens. Official death records of completed suicide (CDC — not self-report attempts), 2018–2024, compared with state bans and limits on puberty blockers, hormones of the opposite sex, and surgeries for minors that actually took effect. Ages 15–19 in the state models; ages 13–17 in the national monthly model.
State bans on sex-rejecting procedures for minors did not raise completed teen suicide rates in this CDC-based analysis. Three models; no statistically significant increase after the policies took effect. A Do No Harm report analyzing CDC data — not a government systematic review.
PDF (primary) →
Children and young people in England’s gender services; University of York reviews of all the hormone studies.
Suicidality (thoughts and attempts) is higher than in the general adolescent population, but similar to other young people in mental-health services. Deaths by suicide in this group are very low. It has been suggested that hormones reduce death by suicide; the evidence found did not support that conclusion. NHS GIDS’s own evidence-base page said suicide is extremely rare.
Cass final report →
Children and adolescents with gender dysphoria — U.S. evidence review citing Cass, Finnish register data, and other systematic reviews.
Suicidal thoughts and behavior track common co-occurring mental-health conditions. HHS found no separate link between gender dysphoria and suicidality, and no evidence that giving children drugs or surgery to reject their sex reduces suicide, which remains very low. It cites the Finnish records study for rare suicide death once other psychiatric illness is accounted for.
HHS evidence review →
Adults: all 324 people in Sweden who had sex-reassignment surgery, 1973–2003, compared with population controls of the same birth sex.
After sex-reassignment surgery, suicide deaths were about 19.1 times higher than among matched peers (adjusted hazard ratio 19.1). Transition did not bring suicide mortality in line with the general population — the elevated suicide risk remained after transition.
PMC (Dhejne 2011) →
This page is not a crisis service and not counseling. If you or someone else is in immediate danger, call local emergency services. In the U.S. and Canada you can also dial or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.